An overview of the conflict resolution theory Essay

difference Resolution TheoryIn contravene resolution, conceive nonions, also called the natural cognitive sorting mathematical operati champions, are the stimuli that unwittingly foment war. By taking a look at one-on-oneist and inter free radical relations, one and only(a) can better grasp conflict resolution as a way of mediation which may lessen the probabilities of the outbreak of political violence. This essay takes a blotto examination of the solution of single-level models of convince to inspire stir at the social level. The scaling up the process from individual treatment to social has its strengths and weakness. Controlled communication, sensitivity training, Freuds hydraulic model, complex mirroring and conscious raising mental hygiene are experimented means in conflict resolution to dissolve conflict at both individual and general levels.The natural cognitive sorting mechanism of dividing people into us and them engenders prejudice and in the keen-sighted r un, political violence. This perspective is typical to The Self and The Other concept in which people and conclaves are constructed to suspend the early(a) or any entity that is perceived as foreign and to include the self or other entities affiliated to the self. Protracted social conflicts typically involve an enduring set of antagonistic perceptions and interactions between communal gatheringsnegative attributions of motivations and reciprocal negative images perpetuate the antagonisms and solidify the conflict (Fisher 1997). This concept breeds the antagonization of groups which turns one group against the other, increase rifts and sharpening rivalry. Since this type of social cognitive process emphasizes differences between us and them, an elitism can arise which advantages one group over the other and fosters an unhealthy intergroup competition and mutual exclusion. With mutual degradation and demonized motives, each group continues to not only drift apart but rub against each other in a frictional relationship to produce an aggression fire.At the national level, us and them dichotomy leads to jingoism which is a superpatriotic form of nationalism. This ideology promotes the suppression of one and the superiority of a people. Fanatical patriotism and the prejudiced sentiment propose that another ships company must suffer in the power imbalance. (Paris 2004) agrees that exclusionary forms of nationalism also do work enemies of excluded groups. In other words, one nation categorizes, segregates and disadvantages another. As a consequence, the excluded party harbors resentment toward the opposing group. jaundice begets tension-filled relations, which beget mistrust. The polarizing effect of the us and them construct leads inevitably to suspicion and in a competitive environment, to perceived inequalities. Inequalities bequeath in the categorization of an oppressed and an oppressor, the victimized and the victimizer. At a particular point, one grou p arrives at a breaking point, demanding the redress of wrongs whether real or perceived and an equalizing of the playing field. (Fisher 1997) also recognizes that most conflicts arise when identity groups perceive that they are oppressed and victimized through a denial of recognition, security, fairness and political participation. Imbalances of power stimulate one group to react or even retaliate so hostilities erupt. It was a wave of nationalism which provokes WWII in which the Aryan Germans attempt to purge Germany of unwanted elements for the sake of the country. Similarly, in the case of Rwanda and other countries, ethnic cleansing or genocide take place because of inequality and a false sense of nationalism.Sorting out the Natural Cognitive ProcessesTo arrive at conflict resolution, one must broach the theme of altering intergroup perceptions. This method is an individual-to-social strategy in which with a deuce-ace party intervention, both groups can mutually exchange op inions and feelings. John Burton pioneers and implements a casework approach, a term used in social work to explain the methods implemented to solve an in individual or group problem. Controlled communication signifies a way to forge effective communication habits. Burton asserts that the source of conflict is miscommunication and the source of miscommunication is distorted worldviews or perceptions of the other. In practicing controlled communication, groups can share their prejudices and biases in a setting that diffuses anger and sets a more tender tone for talks would help improve relations. Also, Leonard Doob advocates sensitivity training which progresses the transition from individual-level change to bodied change. He puts forward that a small representative group ventilates their perceptions, opinions, and concerns to create awareness and better esurient of group processes. The sensitivity training workshop is similar to a psychological therapy conducted by a third party. Ideas and feelings are shared to increase interpersonal effectiveness. (Toft 2010) declares that giving voice to former combatants is a mechanism in conflict resolution to craft negotiation settlements in which renewed violence can be averted. This conventionalism follows the sensitivity training theory which enhances sympathy and increases chances at understanding and positive change.In Sigmund Freuds group processes theory, he posits that the groups way of thinking is spawned directly from the individuals. In Freuds hydraulic model, the principle is that just as it is dangerous to suppress feelings for fear of compounding them for a more dotty eruption, so at the social level, it is risky to continually inhibit ill-feeling by conflict resolution (Strachey 1966) instead, show would help diffuse tensions and instead of internalizing the resentment, the person finds relief in expression. In his work contact struggle a Chance (Luttwak 1999) examines the effect of peacekeeping wh ich only temporarily resolves the issue by satisfying parties. However, he advocates war as the means of reaching a more definitive and longer lasting conflict resolution.Complex MirroringComplex mirroring within the group setting is a way in which the individual change scalps up to the group level change. In remedying traumatized individuals, the victims join themselves to a group and begin to mirror one anothers feelings and experiences. A critic notices that by listening to one anothers individual presentation of personal experiences, participants gain a new perspectiveby listening to the series of such descriptions, they gained the experience of universality (Herman 1997). As a result, the individual-level change dynamic transmutes into the group-level change. As one witness the effect of trauma, the support group experiences secondary trauma as wounded members relate their experiences and seek emotional support. The relative incidence of secondary trauma gives rise to empower ment and awareness. Kathie Sarachild formulated the conscious-raising psychotherapy structures specifically for the individual but which could be used to effect social rather than individual change (Herman 1997). This method was implemented for rape-victims who were hush upd by the violence and trauma inflicted by another. In the scope of social change, political violence is a rotund injustice inflicted by one and visited upon the other. A remedial path is a sensitization rather than retaining the silence over the injury. As the publics consciousness heightens, a cure has to be suggested and taken. The beneficial result is that changes at the individual level were being linked with policy processes at the macro level (Fisher 1997). interlocking Resolution Strengths and WeaknessesIn conflict resolution, a strength of the individual to group model application is that groups typify a conglomerate body in which individual mirroring gradually filters into the groups ethics. The reason ing is that a group is comprised of individuals and since a group is made up of individuals, then a method aimed at effecting change in an individual can also be applied to the group. However, this method does not factor in the wide diversity of the individuals belonging to a group. One rigid rule utilized for one individual cannot work for a group because this view only facilitates the one-size-fits-all theory which is not socially viable.ReferencesFisher, R.J. (1997). Interactive Conflict Resolution, Syracuse University Press, New York.Herman, J.L. (1997). Trauma and Recovery. Basic Books Publishers, New York.Anonymous. (1996). Human Rights in Peace Negotiations, Human Rights Quarterly,18(2), 249-258.Luttwak, E. (1999). Give War a Chance, diary of Foreign Affairs, 78 (4), 36-44. Accessed 14 December 2011.Strachey, J. (1966). The Standard Edition of the arrant(a) Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, The Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis, Vol. 22,Toft, M.D. (2010 ). Ending civil Wars A Case for Rebel Victory, Journal of International Security, 34 (2), 7-36.Paris, R. (2004). At Wars End Building Peace after Civil Conflict. Cambridge University Press.